D4-10 UHF Wide-Band Transceiver

Operator's ~Manual

Kantronics

RF Data Communications Specialists

D4-10 UHF Wide-Band Transceiver

Operator's Manual

Kantronics RF Data Communications Specialists

1202 E. 23rd Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66046 Order number (913) 842-7745 Service / Technical Support (913) 842-4476 9 am - noon, 2 pm - 5 pm Central Time, Monday-Friday FAX number (913) 842-2021 BBS number (913) 842-4678 300/1200/2400,N,8,1 5 pm - 8 am Central Time, Monday-Friday; All Day Weekends

We have attempted to make this manual technically and typographically correct as of the date of the current printing. We solicit your comments and/or suggested corrections. Please send to Kantronics Co. Inc., 1202 E. 23rd Street, Lawrence, KS 66046.

Printed in the U.S.A.

Contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the copyright owner.

D4-10, DVR 2-2, KAM, KPC-4, KPC-2, KPC-2400 and KPC-1 are trademarks of Kantronics Co., Inc.

NET/ROM is a registered trademark of SOFTWARE 2000

D4-10 Operator's Manual Table of Contents

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Introduction

Congratulations and thank you for purchasing the D4-10.

The D4-10 was designed primarily to provide a 10-watt transceiver for high-speed packet operation on the UHF (440 MHz) amateur band. Unique features of the D4-10 are narrow or wide bandwidth reception, narrow or wide transmit deviation settings, fast TR switching, analog and TTL modem interfacing, direct transmit varicap access, direct discriminator access on receive, and receiver-derived carrier detect.

The front panel enables the operator to select one of two crystal controlled channels, narrow or wide bandwidth operation and enable access to the receive local oscillator — for satellite applications. The back panel consists of an analog port (pin for pin compatible with the DVR 2-2), a TTL port, antenna terminal, speaker jack and power connector.

When operated with a Kantronics Data Engine with internal DE19K2/9K6 modem, two plug-and-play modes of operation are possible, 9600 or 19,200 baud packet. When the D4-10 is cabled to the DataEngine-DE19K2/9K6 combination via its TTL port, the system is configured for 19,200 baud operation. When cabled via its analog port 1200, 2400, or 9600 baud are possible using the DE1200, DE2400 or DE19K2/9K6 modems. Both ports of the D4-10 are pin compatible with the DVR 2-2 data port; hence, one cable works for all.

While it is not anticipated that many will use the D4-10 for voice operation, a MIC circuit is included (pin 7 of the analog port only). The mic amplifier does include limiting such that standard narrow-band voice deviation limits are maintained.

In addition, an audio amplifier has been included which you may choose to use to monitor packet reception. An external speaker may be attached at the SPKR jack on the back panel. An internal speaker is not provided. Squelch and volume controls are accessible by removing the "black insert buttons" that are present on the front panel. These are adjustable as desired with a small screwdriver. The squelch potentiometer is to the left and the volume to the right. Detector output for packet reception is unaffected by the volume and squelch settings; they are there only to control speaker action and volume and to set a threshold for FM carrier detection.

In most cases data carrier detect will be derived within the modem you chose to use in conjunction with the transceiver. For example, the DE19K2/9K6 modem derives

its own data carrier detect from the received data stream. Additionally all Kantronics TNCs, for packet operation, can be set to derived data carrier detect via firmware.

No external DCD kit is required or recommended. For those situations where you find the transceiver-derived carrier detect to be useful, you'll want to leave access open

to the squelch potentiometer.

Unless otherwise specified, a D4-10 is shipped from the factory with channel one

set for 430.55 MHz. Kantronics shall maintain a few additional crystals for those channels that become popular. The ARRL bandplan calls for nine 100 KHz channels from 430.05 through 430.95 MHz. Part 97 of the FCC rules indicates 100 KHz channels are allowable anywhere in the 440 MHz band. (FCC 97.69 (c) (2) (ii): 100 KHz on frequencies between 220 and 902 MHz.) Common sense suggests that one should check with the local frequency coordinator before installing a wide bandwidth transceiver in operation, particularly in a crowded area.

Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

FCC Statement

This unit has been tested and found to comply with Part 15 of the Federal Communications Commission Rules in effect as of the date of manufacture. If you utilize cables other than those provided with the unit, make sure they are

adequately shielded.

Precautions

Please read this operating manual carefully before placing the transceiver in service.

Before connecting the radio to your power supply, be sure you have your supply properly grounded. Connecting the unit to a DC voltage source in excess of 13.8 volts may result in damage to the unit.

i Duplication of this manual without permission June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Front Panel Controls and Indicators

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1. Power ON/OFF switch. This is a push-push switch which applies power to your transceiver. When IN power is applied.

2. Power (green) LED. This LED will illuminate when the D4-10 is powered on. 3. Xmit (red) LED. This LED will illuminate when the unit is transmitting.

4. Squelch control. While not normally used in data modes, you can gain access to this potentiometer by removing the "black panel button". Adjustment affects only speaker or FM carrier detect operation; it does not affect data reception.

5. Volume control. While not normally used in data modes, you can gain access to this potentiometer by removing the "button". Adjustment affects external speaker volume only.

6. Channel selection switch. This push-push switch selects which crystal pair is used for transmission and reception. Transmit and receive operational frequencies need not be the same. Channel one is selected when the switch is OUT.

7. Bandwidth selection. This push-push switch selects narrow or wide bandwidth reception. In the narrow position, with the switch in, a standard 455 KHz ceramic filter is selected for the last IF. When out, a six-pole, 60 KHz, discrete linear-phase filter is selected. This filter is used to receive wide bandwidth packet signals such as the 19,200 baud direct frequency shift keying (DFSK) signal coming from another D4-10.

8. Satellite selection. This push-push switch enables a DC control voltage to gain access to the receive local oscillator varicap. This may be useful for future applications and for those modems that wish to adapt to satellite doppler-shift conditions.

Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

Rear Panel Connectors

Analog Port

Kantronics D4-10

1. Analog Port — DB-9 connector. This connector is for direct connection of all required signals to/from your TNC. The signals of this port are DVR 2-2 compatible.

2. +12VDC — Power connector. This is a two-pin molex connector. Note that the positive lead is at the bottom. See specs for current draw.

3. SPKR. This 3.5 mm jack is for attaching an external 8-ohm speaker. The circuit drives 1/2-watt audio.

4. TTL Port — DB-9 connector. This connector is for direct connection of all required signals to/from your TNC, but expects TXD, RXD and PTT signals to have TTL levels. This port is designed for direct connection, for example, to a Data Engine with the DE19K2/9K6 modem set for 19,200 baud.

5. ANT — antenna. This antenna jack is a BNC. A 50-ohm antenna system is required.

Analog Port DB-9 Connector Detail

Pin 1. Data Input, "TXA". This connection accepts the @QOQOOO input from your TNC to be transmitted over the radio. OO@ This could be an AFSK signal for slow-speed packet or

a DFSK signal for 9600 baud packet. The RXA signal

is buffered and then directly drives the varicap for Female (Looking at Holes) modulation.

Pin 2. Carrier Detect, "CD". This pin provides an active low (ground) when a signal is present on frequency.

Pin 3. Push-to-Talk, "PTTA". Applying a ground to this pin causes the radio to transmit. Pin 4. Unused at this time.

Pin 5. Unsquelched Audio Output, "RXA”. This pin is the direct detector (discriminator) output, providing audio to your TNC. This audio has not been processed (it is unsquelched and unshaped).

Pin 6. Ground.

Pin 7. MIC input, "MIC IN". This pin accepts the audio from your MIC or TNC to be transmitted. Normally, slow-speed packet of the AFSK variety would be applied to this pin.

Pin 8. Speaker Audio Out. The audio available from this pin has been processed and is

affected by the squelch and volume controls (on the pc ie This pin parallels the speaker out jack.

Pin 9. Ground. 4

Power Connector

1.— Minus voltage. This is connected to the common ground. 2. + Plus voltage. Apply 13.8 VDC to this pin for 10 watts power.

TTL Port DB-9 Connector Detail

The pins of this port directly parallel those of the analog port, except that no MIC connection is made available. All signals interfacing this port must be TTL compatible. This port is intended for 19,200 baud packet operation with the Data Engine and DE19K2/9K6 modem. Alternatively, one could operate this port with a TTL-compatible asynchronous modem or terminal and operate in an ASCII or RTTY mode.

Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

Installation

1. Place your D4-10 in the desired operating location.

2. Connect the D4-10 power cable to a regulated 12V dc supply. (Red lead is positive). WARNING: Connecting the power backward will result in a blown fuse inside the D4-10. Do not attempt to open the D4-10 until you have read the disassembly instructions.

3. Connect an antenna to the BNC connector located on the rear panel of the radio. The antenna should present a 50 ohm load to the transceiver. As with all antenna installations, you should follow standard safety precautions including the installation of a high quality lightning arrestor in your antenna line to protect against fire, personal injury or possible damage to the radio.

4, An 8 ohm external speaker may be connected to the 3.5mm jack on the rear panel labeled “SPKR”.

5. When using 9600 baud packet or lower speeds; connect your TNC to the D4-10 analog port. See the appropriate instructions for your TNC later in this manual.

6. When using the DE19K2/9K6 modem at 19,200 baud, connect the Data Engine to the TTL port of the radio as indicated in the section on Connecting Your Kantronics TNC to the D4-10.

7. Experimenters should connect to the TTL port of the D4-10 if the modulating signal from their modem supplies TTL levels for transmitted data and expects TTL level signals in return from the D4-10 radio. Other modems should be connected to the analog port of the D4-10. |

Duplication of this manual without permission June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Connecting Your Kantronics TNC to the D4-10

Data Engine

In order to connect your Data Engine to the D4-10 radio, you must make a cable with the following pins connected:

(4,2 bowl

Data Engine D4-10 Signal Name DB-15 DB-9 Transmit Data 3 pt Receive Data 2 5 Push-to-talk 1 3 Carrier Detect 8 2 Ground 9 “6

This cable will work with any of the Data Engine modems. If you plan to use the DE19K2/9K6 modem, the cable length should be kept as short as possible and should not exceed two feet in length. You should use shielded cable for this connection.

DE1200, DE2400, DE9600 or DE19K2/9K6 set for 9600 baud

Connect the 15 pin end of this cable to the port of the Data Engine with your modem installed, and the 9 pin erd of the cable to the ANALOG port of the D4-10 radio.

When using the DE1200 or DE2400 modem, you may select to use EXTERNAL carrier detect, allowing the D4-10 to supply the CD signal. To accomplish this, set the MODEM command in your Data Engine to the appropriate value. (Refer to your

Data Engine modem manual for details.) Since you are using unsquelched audio, you must set your modem for no equalization and set the AFSK output level for 50 mv p-p (AFSK jumper in high position).

DE19K2/9K6 modem set for 19,200 baud operation Connect the 15 pin end of this cable to the port of the Data Engine with your modem installed, and the 9 pin end of the cable to the TTL port of the D4-10 radio.

DB-9 Connector

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DB-15 Connector

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OTHER Kantronics TNCs

The D4-10 was designed to be pin compatible with the VHF port connector on the KAM, and is also pin compatible with the radio ports on the KPC-4, KPC-2, and KPC-2400. Wire the supplied DB-9 connector from the analog port of the D4-10 to your Kantronics TNC using the supplied 5 conductor cable as described below.

KAM/KPC-4 The recommended hookup for the KAM VHF port and the KPC-4 is as follows:

Connect pins 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 from the selected port (VHF port for the KAM) to the D4-10 DB-9 connector (analog port) on the same pins. This will supply all the required signals for proper operation.

Next you will need to set your TNC for no equalization. This is accomplished by placing the K1 jumper in the KAM so that it connects the center pin of the header with the pin marked 1 on the board. On the KPC-4, you would use jumper K1 for PORT 1 and K2 for PORT 2. These are set for no equalization by connecting the center pin with the pin marked 1 on the board.

You may wish to set the CD command to EXTERNAL, allowing the D4-10 to supply the carrier detect indication from the RF carrier detect. Alternately, you can set the CD command to SOFTWARE and allow the KAM/KPC-4 to detect a carrier by detecting actual data on frequency. NOTE: If you set the CD command to INTERNAL with this wiring, the KAM/KPC-4 will never transmit since the audio input from the radio is unsquelched.

Radio Pin D4-10 KAM/KPC-4 TNC Pin Name Pin Pin Name — Data Input 1 1 AFSK Out Carrier Detect 2 2 XCD Push-to-Talk 3 3 PTT Unsquelched Audio Out 5 5 Audio Signal Ground 6 6 Ground

Set TNC jumpers for no equalization Set AFSK output jumper to HI (50 mv p-p) Set TNC command: CD EXTERNAL or CD SOFTWARE

NOTE: Pins 4, 7, and 9 are reserved for future use and should not be connected to your TNC.

DB-9 Connector

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8

June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

KPC-2/KPC-2400

On the KPC-2/KPC-2400 you should connect pins 1, 2, 3, and 6 from the TNC to the D4-10 DB-9 connector (analog port) on the same pins. The KPC-2 and KPC-2400 will not operate properly with the unsquelched and unshaped audio provided by pin 5 of the D4-10, so you should connect pin 8 of the D4-10 to pin 5 of the KPC-2/KPC-2400. This will provide speaker audio to the input of your TNC, and this audio is affected by the front panel squelch and volume controls.

Now set the equalization to none by using the command EQUALIZE OFF. Connect an external speaker to the external speaker jack on the rear panel of the D4-10, and adjust the squelch control just beyond the point where the open squelch can be heard through an external speaker. If you don’t use an external speaker, you can adjust the squelch control to the point where the RCV led on your TNC goes out.

We recommend setting the CD command to EXTERNAL in these units to allow

the radio to provide carrier detection to the KPC-2/KPC-2400. If you prefer, you can set the CD command to SOFTWARE, allowing the KPC-2/KPC-2400 to detect the presence of data on the channel to signal carrier detect.

If you are using the KPC-2400 at 2400 baud, you can connect the unsquelched and unshaped audio (pin 5 of the D4-10) to the audio,input (pin 5) of the KPC-2400, instead of connecting to the speaker audio from pin 8 of the D4-10.

Radio Pin D4-10 KPC-2/2400 TNC Pin Name Pin Pin Name

Data Input 1 1 AFSK Out Carrier Detect 2 2 XCD Push-to-Talk 3 3 Bry

Ground 6 6 Ground Speaker Audio Out 8 5 Audio Signal

Set TNC command: EQUALIZE OFF Set AFSK output jumper to HI (50 mv p-p)

NOTE: Pins 4, 7, and 9 are reserved for future use and should not be connected to your TNC.

DB-9 Connector

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Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

KPC-1 Connecting your KPC-1 to the D4-10 analog port requires the following connections:

Pin 1 from the KPC-1 din connector should be connected to pin 1 of the DB-9 (analog port) on your radio. Pin 2 of the KPC-1 connects to pin 6, and pin 3 of the KPC-1 will connect to pin 3 on the radio. Connect the external speaker jack from the D4-10 to the audio input jack on the rear panel of the KPC-1.

_Now set the equalization to none by using the command EQUALIZE OFF. Connect an external speaker to the external speaker jack on the rear panel of the D4-10, and adjust the squelch control just beyond the point where the open squelch can be heard through an external speaker. If you don’t use an external speaker, you can adjust the squelch control to the point where the RCV led on your TNC goes out.

Radio Pin D4-10 KPC-1 TNC Pin

Name Pin Pin Name

Data Input 1 1 AFSK Out Push-to-Talk 3 3 PTT

Ground 6 2 Ground

External Speaker Jack - - Audio Input Jack

Set TNC command: EQUALIZE OFF Set AFSK output jumper to HI (50 mv p-p)

NOTE: Pins 4, 7, and 9 are reserved for future use and should not be connected to your TNC.

DB-9 Connector

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10

D4-10 June 13, 1991

Connecting Other TNCs to the D4-10

AEA PK-232

Pin 1 of the D4-10 analog port will connect to pin 2 of the 232's 5 pin radio connector (white wire on the AFA supplied cable).

Pin 2 from the D4-10 may be used to supply the carrier detect by connecting this to pin 3 (black) on the TNC (optional).

Pin 3 of the D4-10 will connect to pin 5 on the 232 (red wire). Pin 6 of the D4-10 connects to pin 4 on the 232 (brown wire).

Pin 8 from the D4-10 may be connected to pin 1 (green) on the PK-232, providing speaker audio (controlled by the front panel volume and squelch controls).

(Although the D4-10 is capable of supplying unsquelched and unshaped audio to the TNC, we have not tested the PK-232 in this configuration. If you want to use the unsquelched audio from pin 5 of the D4-10, we suggest you contact AEA for instructions concerning the use of unshaped audio.)

Radio Pin D4-10 PK-232 TNC Pin Name Pin Pin Name Data Input 1 2 TX Audio Carrier Detect 2 3 SQ Push-to-Talk 3 5 Pre Ground 6 4 Ground Speaker Audio Out 8 1 RX Audio NOTE:

Pins 4, 7, and 9 are reserved for future use and should not be connected to your TNC.

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PK-232 Connector

MF .J-1270 or equivalent

Pin 1 of the D4-10 analog port will connect to pin 1 of the 5 pin din connector on the rear panel of the TNC.

Pin 2 of the D4-10 may be used to supply the carrier detect by connecting this to pin 5. Pin 3 of the D4-10 connects to pin 3. Pin 6 of the D4-10 connect to pin 2.

Pin 8 of the D4-10 connects to pin 4. This supplies speaker audio which is controlled by the front panel volume control.

(Although the D4-10 is capable of supplying unsquelched and unshaped audio to the TNC, we have not tested the MFJ TNCs in this configuration. If you want to use unsquelched audio from pin 5 of the D4-10, we suggest you contact MF J for instructions concerning the use of unshaped audio.)

Radio Pin D4-10 MFJ-1270 TNC Pin

Name Pin Pin Name

Data Input 1 1 Microphone audio Carrier Detect 2 5 Squelch input (optional) Push-to-Talk 3 3 PTT

Ground 6 2 Ground

Speaker Audio Out 8 4 Receive audio

NOTE: Pins 4, 7, and 9 are reserved for future use and should not be connected to your TNC.

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Duplication of this manual without permission June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Operation

The transmitter will come up to full operating power within 5 milliseconds after the push-to-talk line is pulled to ground, allowing your TXDELAY setting to be extremely short. Typically a TXDELAY setting of 1 will allow full power to be present before

the data begins. However, since the receiving station requires some time to detect the presence of your signal (squelch time), you will need to increase your TXDELAY to account for this.

The D4-10 has been designed to detect a signal present on frequency within 10 milliseconds (squelch time). This means that if you are communicating with another D4-10, you can set your TXDELAY at 2 and allow sufficient time for your transmitter to come up to full power and for the receiving D4-10 to detect the presence of your signal.

When operating with the unsquelched audio output (pin 5 of the D4-10), many TNCs require the use of an external means to detect the presence of a signal. This is provided by the D4-10 on pin 2 of the DB-9 connector (CD). Pin 2 will be pulled low (ground) when a received signal is detected, and therefore can signal the TNC to demodulate the signal. On the Kantronics KAM, KPC-4, KPC-2, and KPC-2400, this is accomplished by connecting pin 2 of the D4-10 to pin 2 of the TNC and setting the CD command to EXTERNAL. On the Data Engine with DE1200 or DE2400 modems, this is accomplished by wiring pin 2 of the D4-10 to pin 2 of the Data Engine Radio port. You must also set the Data Engine MODEM command to recognize this external signal. Refer to your Data Engine Modem manual.

Alternatively, you can utilize the firmware carrier detect feature of all Kantronics TNCs (sometimes called software CD). In this case, wiring of the CD line from the D4-10 will be unnecessary, and access to the squelch pot will not be necessary.

When operating at high speed: 9600 or 19,200

Here, again, TXD (transmitter delay) is important. We've found that a TXD of

3 or so will allow good linking between two stations utilizing the Data Engine and DE19K2/9K6 modem at either data rate. Also, again, carrier detect is not an issue here; the modem develops and presents its own CD to the Data Engine.

TXDELAY Settings

The D4-10 is capable of operating with a TXDELAY setting of 1 if you are talking to another user who has a D4-10. Field testing with an RFConcepts 4-110 amplifier (RF keyed) has shown a TXDELAY setting of 15 to be sufficient. In many cases, you may be talking with someone who is using a radio that does not provide the high speed switching necessary to use these fast settings, and therefore you will need to increase your TXDELAY to operate effectively. This will also be true if you are using a digipeater which has a slower radio connected to it. To test the amount of TXDELAY required for a specific digipeater, set your UNPROTO command to include the desired digipeater as the first digipeater in your path. Then enter the converse mode and press a return. This will cause a packet to be sent through the digipeater, but the digipeater will not repeat it unless it has heard the packet completely. Start increasing your TXDELAY slowly and try transmitting another packet. Continue this process until your packets are reliably repeated by the digipeater. If you have the MONITOR command ON, you will be able to monitor your digipeated packets on your terminal.

If you use several different digipeaters, repeat this process with all of them, and then set your TXDELAY for the worst case you find in your tests (highest value of TXDELAY).

NOTE: Many nodes (Net/Rom®, TheNet, etc.) will not allow the digipeating of packets. In these cases, you will need to attempt to connect to the node, increasing your TXDELAY until you reliably establish a connection.

14

In Case of Difficulty

Power light fails to light 1. Check to be sure the D4-10 is connected to a source of 12 volts DC.

2. Check the polarity of your 12 volt supply — red lead is positive. If the power was connected with reverse polarity, the fuse inside the D4-10 will have to be replaced. (See assembly/disassembly instructions.) The fuse is a 10-amp 3AG type fuse.

No audio output from external speaker jack

1. Check to be sure external speaker is plugged in to the rear panel speaker jack. Be sure it is firmly seated in the connector.

2. Check the volume control to ensure it is not turned all the way counter-clockwise.

3. Be sure power is turned on to the radio.

No audio output from TNC jack (pin 1) 1. If speaker audio is not present, this may indicate detector output is not working.

Unit will not transmit

1. Be sure the push-to-talk line (pin 3 of either DB-9 port) is properly connected to your TNC.

2. Apply a ground to pin 3 of the DB-9 connector, and check the front panel transmit LED. (Remember to have an antenna or dummy load attached during this text.) If it lights, this indicates a problem with the microphone or TNC connection.

Unit transmits, but no audio is present

1. Check the connection to your TNC or microphone. The proper input level from a TNC to pin 1 of the DB-9 modem connector is 50 mv peak-to-peak for the D4-10 analog port.

Disassembly Instructions

1. Disconnect all cables from the D4-10. 2. Remove the screws from the bottom of the case that secure the heat sink to the case.

3. Loosen the two screws that mount the rear panel to the bezel far enough to allow the rear panel and bezel assembly to be pulled away from the case.

4. Carefully slide the entire rear panel and circuit board assembly out of the case.

5. If you need to remove the rear panel, unscrew the four mounting nuts which secure the rear panel to the DB-9 connectors.

Assembly Instructions

1. Install the back panel onto the circuit board, if detached, securing it with the four mounting nuts into the DB-9 connectors.

2. Carefully insert the circuit board assembly into the rear of the case. Ensure that the LEDs and switches properly line up with the cutouts in the front panel. If desired, you may find it easier to remove the front panel until the board is secured in place.

3. Secure the rear panel to the case with the two screws provided. 4. Reinstall and tighten the screws through the bottom of the case into the heat sink.

D4-10 Duplication of this manual without permission June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Ordering Crystals

You may wish to order additional crystals for your D4-10 radio. Kantronics will stock a few "standard" channels, based on popularity and demand — mainly centered around 430.55 MHz. If you wish to use other frequencies, then the following information should be sufficient when ordering receive (RX) and transmit (TX) crystals from a crystal house.

CAUTION: Please read the tuning up section to follow. You may wish the factory or someone with solid test equipment to do channel changing for you.

To calculate the transmit frequency of the fundamental crystal, divide the operating frequency by 64.

TX crystal frequency = operating frequency/64.

To calculate the receive frequency of the fundamental crystal, subtract 45 MHz from the operating frequency and then divide by 64.

RX crystal frequency = (operating frequency — 45 MHz)/64.

Crystal Specifications

The crystals should be ordered with the following specifications:

. Fundamental mode

. Frequency make, +10 ppm (parts per million)

Series resonant

. Resistance at 75 ohms, max

Co = 7 pf max, 5 pf typical (pf = picofarads)

. Drive level 10 mw max

. Temperature stability: +380 ppm -—30C to +60C

. Case: HC-50/u or HC-42/u

9. Markings (optional): transmit, T freq +"T"; receive, R freq +"R"

The ARRL 100 KHz, 440 MHz bandplan calls for these wide channels centered at 430.05, 430.15, 430.25, 430.35, 430.45, 480.55, 430.65, 430.85 and 430.95 MHz. If the use of these frequencies is in question in your area, consult with your local frequency coordinator or council.

DNATA PP wOD

Installing Crystals and Tuning Up

As per the caution above, tuning the radio after installing new crystals requires good equipment and some experience. For those cases where the frequency change is small, we've tried to help by pre-tuning both channels at the factory to our test standard, 430.55 MHz. So, if you are planning to add crystals for channel two that are within a few hundred KHz of 430.55, only the tuning of the crystal oscillators themselves should be necessary. If so, be careful to not "detune” channel one.

The pc board sockets for crystals for channels one and two are located at the right front of the board. The channel one and two transmit sockets are labeled TX1 and TX2. The receive sockets are labeled RX1 and RX2. You can also locate these on the parts placement diagram at the end of this manual.

Tuning the D4-10 for transmit and receive after crystal installation is best completed with a service monitor (RF generator with SINAD meter, etc.) and a spectrum analyzer. However, it is likely that most amateurs will not have this equipment and that probably most amateur radio stores will not either. Hence, if desired, Kantronics will install and tune crystals for a nominal fee. You must contact the Service Department (913) 842-4476 to obtain a Return Authorization Number for this service. They can also advise the current charges for this service. Failure to obtain a return authorization number may result in the unit being returned unopened.

If you wish to attempt to tune the unit without this highly reeommended equipment, then here is a procedure that works for experienced technicians:

1. Using a counter (optional but a good idea), attach its input to the emitter of Q12 or Q16 (or safer to the top of resistor R104), and adjust the receive and transmit crystals as close to "on frequency" as possible.

la. For receive, adjust coil RL1 or RL2 (channel one or two) until the counter reads your "desired operating frequency — 45 MHz" divided by 64. That is, the counter frequency should read:

RX = (operating frequency — 45 MHz)/64.

1b. For transmit, attach a dummy load to your antenna terminal, and then KEY the transmitter at pin 3 or the analog port. Adjust coil TL1 or TL2 until the counter reads the operating frequency divided by 64.

Additional or Alternative Tuning

Receive

2. Note the four small potentiometers (pots) at the front right side of the board. They are labeled RXA1, and RXA2 for receive channels one and two and TXA1 and TXA2 for the transmit channels. These are used to bring the VCO near the desired operating frequency. This, by the way, allows fast TR switching. Now, suppose that you wish to tune for the second receive channel. Turn RXA2 full clockwise, toward the back of the unit. Then attach a VOM to test point JP2, using the pin toward the back. Slowly increase pot RXA2 until the voltage reads 2.5 VDC on the VOM. This is the "lock voltage”.

3. Using another FM rig attached to a dummy load or some blocks away, generate a carrier with a one KHz modulating tone to tune to on your proposed operating frequency.

—E_=_===={_{_QX"iqnrere=e=E_eeE_=_c eee

4. Adjust the coil in series with the receive crystal (RL1 or RL2) until the 1 KHz tone comes in clearly. Continue to turn the coil until the signal just begins to distort. Then turn the coil in the opposite direction (providing a clear signal again) and continue turning until the signal just begins to distort again. Now set the coil approximately half-way between these two points. This should provide best clarity.

5. If you plan to operate the D4-10 outside the 428 to 432 MHz band, then you will also need to "tweak up" the helicals at the front end of the receiver, labeled FL1 and FL2. Slowly peak for best reception.

Transmit

6. To complete transmit tuning, you'll need a counter, a dummy load and a accurate DC voltmeter. Attach the dummy load now.

7. Next, you will be tuning the phase lock loop (PLL) so that the transmit crystal will work properly with the 64 X loop. That is, you'll adjust the "pre-steering"” voltage on the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) so that the PLL locks. Before completing this step you may want to read the next section and review the block diagram for the transceiver.

8. Note the four small potentiometers (pots) at the front right side of the board. They are labeled RXA1, and RXA2 for receive channels one and two and TXA1 and TXA2 for the transmit channels. These are used to bring the VCO near the desired operating frequency. This, by the way, allows fast TR switching. Now, suppose that you wish to tune for the second transmit channel. Turn TXA2 full clockwise, toward the back of the unit. Then attach a VOM to test point JP2, using the pin toward the back. Key the transmitter at pin 3 on the analog port, and slowly increase pot TXA2 until the voltage reads 2.5 VDC on the VOM. This is the "lock voltage”. The red transmit LED will light when the PLL is locked.

Please keep in mind that this takes some practice and you must turn the pot very slowly. You can check your frequency of operation by transmitting some packets to the other transceiver you are using for the receive test. Alternatively you can check the transmit frequency with a good RF counter with antenna.

No other adjustments should be necessary if you've not changed anything other than channel crystals.

Return/Repair Procedures

Should you feel that your unit is malfunctioning, you should contact the Kantronics Service Department (913-842-4476) between the hours of 9AM-12N or 2PM-5PM Central Time to obtain a return authorization number (RA number). The unit may then be returned to the factory at 1202 E. 23rd Street, Lawrence, KS 66046 for service. Please include a letter indicating the problem you are experiencing and, if appropriate, the method of payment for repairs. Kantronics will accept Master Card or Visa, or you may elect to have your unit returned to you COD.

Limited Warranty

Kantronics Company, Inc. warrants to the first consumer purchaser, for a period of one year from the date of purchase, that this product will be free from defects in material and workmanship, and agrees that it will, at its option, repair or replace the defective parts or the product at no charge for parts or labor.

This warranty does not apply to the cosmetic appearance of the product, or to any product that has been subject to misuse, abuse, overvoltage, or other cause beyond our reasonable control.

This warranty does not apply to any unit that has been modified by the consumer unless specifically authorized by Kantronics Company, Inc, in writing.

In no event shall Kantronics be held liable for damages due to fire, flood, civil disobedience, riot, acts of God or damages incurred in shipping due to poor packaging. Kantronics shall not be held liable in the event the defect is found to be caused by improper parameter settings which are cleared by performing a hard reset.

Kantronics shall not be liable for any incidental or consequential damages arising from the use of the product or due to the non-availability for use of the product under any circumstances.

Some States do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.

In order to enforce the rights under this limited warranty, the purchaser should mail, ship or carry the product, together with proof of purchase, to Kantronics Company, Inc, 1202 East 23rd Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66046. The consumer must also provide adequate proof of purchase indicating the date the product was purchased.

There are no other warranties, including the implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, not specified herein with regards to this product. Neither the sales personnel of the seller nor any other person is authorized to make any warranties other than those described herein, or to extend the duration of any warranties beyond the time period described above.

This warranty is not assignable by the original consumer. Any attempt to assign or transfer any of the rights, duties or obligations hereof is void.

Any product returned for warranty service and our inspection and testing shall determine no defect exists which is covered by this warranty, shall be charged a minimum of one-half hour labor plus return shipping charges.

This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from State to State.

plication of this manual without permission September 3, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Specifications

Receiver freq coverage 428-436 MHz freq control crystal temp-range —10/60 °C freq stability +10 ppm design triple conv front end: design 2 by 2 transistor MRF571 first mixer GaAsFET MRF966 spurious rej -—60 dB first IF 45 MHz filter, FL1 discrete 2nd IF 10.7 MHz filter, FL2 SFE10.7J 3rd IF 455 KHz filter, FL3A discrete 60-KHz filter, FL3B CFW455C sensitivity: +12 dB SINAD 0.5 pV (-113 dBm) 10-3 BER (note 1) <1 pv (-107 dBm) main chip MC3362 antenna switch PINS DC supply +12 VDC current <200 ma Transmitter modulation varactor nom deviation

wide band data +9.6 KHz

TXD drive TTL nom deviation

narrow band data +3 KHz

TXA drive 50 mv p-p max deviation

voice operation +4.5 KHz spurious emission —60 dB Mic impedance 600 ohms DC supply +12 VDC current <2.5 amps watts output >10

NOTE 1: in conjunction with Data Engine and DE19K2 modem.

Duplication of this manual without permission of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

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D4-10 Parts List

Layout Schem Part Locat Locat Description

H4 H2 G3 H5 H5 H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H5 H5

A3 A5

470pF

.001luF

3.3pF

47pF

470pF

220pF

470pF

.luF

470pF

220pF

.O33uF

luF Al

220uF Al 16V 470pF

SPRG GYA15000 .047uF

27pF Mini Chip 220pF

220uF Al 16V 10uF Al 35V luF Al

Duplication of this manual without permission of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. j

Part Desig

C51 C52 C53 C54 C55 C56 C57 C58 C59 C60 C61 C62 C63 C64 C65 C66 C67 C68 C69 C70 C71 C73 C74 C75 C76 C77 C78 C79 C80 C81 C82 C83 C84 C85 C86 C87 C88 C89 C90 C91 C92 C93 C94 C95 C96 C97 C98 C99 C100 C101

Layout Schem Part Locat Locat Description

F3 G4

C5

220pF

.OluF

.047uF

27pF Mini Chip 27pF Mini Chip .OluF

SPRG GYA15000 S6pF

220uF Al 16V 470pF

18pF

75pF

.OluF

S6pF

-luF

120pF

.0022uF

.OluF

.001luF

.OluF

22pF

120pF

1.8pF

.OluF

220pF

.018uF

-luF

100pF

luF Al

75pF

56pF

180pF

30pF Mini Chip 27pF

.OluF

100pF

47pF

.luF

-luF

.luF

.001luF

.luF

SPRG GYA15000 75pF

.OluF

PARTS LIST 1

D4-10 June 13, 1991

Part Layout Schem Part Part Layout Schem Part

Desig Locat Locat Description Desig Locat Locat Description

C102 D4 A5 .0022uF C155 B2 B2 luF Tant

C103 D5 B4 -luF C156 B4 C2 220pF

C104 D2 D5 33pF C157 B4 C1 .OO1luF

C105 D4 B5 470pF C158 B4 C3 -OluF

C106 D3 D3 22uF Al C159 B5 B2 OluF

C107 D4 B4 330pF C160 Bl Al A7uF Al

C108 D4 A4 27pF C161 B5 B2 100pF

C109 D2 D4 SPRG GYA15000 C162 B5 B2 220pF

C110 D4 D2 -luF C163 A3 A2 220uF Al 25V C111 D4 C3 luF C164 C4 D2 4.7uF Al

C112 D4 A4 560pF C165 D5 B4 6.2pF Cer Mini C113 D5 B4 .0012uF CF1 E4- B83 SFE10.7M3-A C114 D3 D3 220pF D1 H3 B5 1N914

C115 D3 D3 3.6pF D2 H3 B5 1N914

C116 Cl D4 220pF D3 H3 B5 1N914

C117 Cl D4 .luF D4 H1l C6 UM9401

C118 C3 D3 100pF D5 H2 C6 UM9401

C119 C3 D3 3.6pF D6 F5 A6 1N914

C120 C3 D3 220pF D7 F5 A6 1N914

C121 C3 D3 220pF D8 Fl D6 1N4003

C122 C5 C3 -luF D9 E5 B4 1N914

C123 C2 D4 470pF D10 E5 B3 1N914

C124 C3 D2 .OluF Dil C3 D3 MMBV105G C125 C2 D3 220pF D12 C2 D4 MPN3404

C126 C2 D4 220pF D13 C2 D4 MPN3404

C127 C3 D3 220pF D14 Cl D4 1N756

C128 C4 C2 .OluF D15 Bl D3 1N914

C129 C4 C2 .001uF D16 B5 C3 MV2114

C130 Cl D4 220pF D17 B3 B2 1N914

C131 C3 D3 22uF Al D18 B3 B2 1N914

C132 C4 C3 .015uF D19 B5 B3 MV2114

C133 C3 D2 100pF Mini Chip D20 A2 A2 1N4003

C134 C3 D3 220pF D21 Al A2 Green LED C135 C3 D2 220pF D22 A2 B2 Red LED

C136 C4 D2 .0OluF Fl A2 A2 MOUS44FH053 C137 B2 D3 .0OOluF FL1 G2 C6 TK 5HW40545A430 C138 C3 D3 3.3pF FL2 F3 C5 TK 5HW40545A430 C139 B4 C2 .001luF Jl 14 MLX39-29-1028 C140 B4 D2 .OluF J1-1 A3 MLX39-29-1028 C141 B5 D2 .OluF J1-2 A3 MLX39-29-1028 C142 B2 D4 7.5pF J2 14 A4 3.5mm

C143 B2 D3 7.5pF J3 H1 C6 AMP227661-1 C144 B2 D3 7.5pF J4 H38 A4 DB9F PC mount C145 B4 C2 .OluF J5 H5 A4 DB9F PC mount C146 B4 C2 100pF | J6 F4 C4 3P SIH

C147 B5 C2 .001luF J7 D5 Bd 6P SIH

C148 B5 B2 .OluF J8 A5 C4 6P SIH

C149 Bl D3 .001uF JP1 D4 B4 2P SIH

C150 B2 D3 7.5pF Je2 C4 C2. 2PSIH

C151 B3 C3 220pF Ll H4 A3 FER 21-200J C152 B3 D3 220pF L2 H2 C6 .gduH

C154 B5 C2 .OluF L3 H1 D6 CCFT 164-06A06S

2 PARTS LIST

Layout Schem Part Locat Locat Description

.33uH

FER 21-200J CCFT 164-02A06S .15uH

.33uH

2.2uH

CCFT 165-03A06 .15uH CCFT150-04J08S FER 21-200J CCFT 164-06A06S .68uH

.68uH CCFT150-05J08S .27uH CFTSLOT-TEN- 5-18

FRT 2643000101 CFTSLOT-TEN- 5-16

CCFT 164-06A06S CFTSLOT-TEN- 5-16 CFTSLOT-TEN- 5-16

1.2uH

.3duH

.22uH

FRT 2643000101 CCFT 164-02A06S 1.2uH

820uH

CCFT 164-01A06S 3.3uH

6.8uH

MRF571

2N7000

MRF966 BLU20/12 MRF630

PN2222

MRF559 MPS5179 MRF571 MPS5179 PN2222

PN2222 PN2907A PN2907A PN2222

PN2222 PN2907A

Layout Schem Part Locat Locat Description

PN2222 10K 1/8W 470

620 1/8W 100K 1/8W 1K 1/8W 10K 1/8W 100 1/8W 8.2K 1/8W 680 1/8W 2.2K 1/8W ME321-2100-250K 47K 1/8W 1K 1/8W 2.7 W/8W 1.8K 1/8W ME321-2100-1K 4.7K 1/8W 3.9K 1/8W 22K 1/8W 33K 1/8W 2.2K 1/8W 220

5.1K 1/8W 470 1/8W 1K 1/8W 100 1/8W 39 1/8W 100K 1/8W 390 1/8W 220 1/8W 10 1/8W 220K 1/8W 7.5K 1/8W 1K 1/8W 22K 1/8W 10 1/2W 120 1/8W 220K 1/8W 7.5K 1/8W 18K 1/8W 10K 1/8W 10K 1/8W 390K 1/8W 120 2W MT 10K 1/8W 8.2K 1/8W 18K 1/8W 82K 1/8W 10

75K 1/8W 10K 1/8W

PARTS LIST 3

D4-10 June 13, 1991

Part Layout Schem Part Desig Locat Locat Description

R54 F5 A6 82K 1/8W R55 F5 <A6 18K 1/8W R56 E4 C3 1KI/8W R57 +E4 C3. 10K1/8W R58 .E4 A6 430K 1/8W R59 ES B3 4.7K 1/8W R60 ES A6_ 18K1/8W R61 E5 B3 100K 1/8W R62 E5 A6 82K1/8W R63 GES GODS 90

R64 E5 3B4 43K1/8W R65 E5 B4- 270K1/8W R66 E5 3B4 33K1/8W R67 E4 BS 4.7K1/8W R68 E5 B4 10MU/8W R69 =§ES5 3B4 10K1/8W R70 D5 B4 22K1/8W R71 D5 B4 22K1/8W R72 D5 B4 43K1/3W R73) D2 e.D5\ 440 1/sw R74 D5 B4 = 4.7K1/8W R75 D3 D3 5601/8W R76 D5 Cl 220K 1/8W R77, WDIDS AAT

R78 D2 D4 101/8W R79 D2 D4 = 1001/8W R80 D3 D3 ~~ 6201/8W R81 C3 D3 ~~ 2201/8W R82 D4 D2 220K 1/8W R83 D4 C3 220K 1/8W R84 C5 Cl 100K1/8W R85. ~ \C1P D4. 98.220

R86 C3 D2 100K 1/8W R87. C4 D2 = 100K1/8W R88 C4 D2 22K1/8W R89 C4 C3 100K 1/8W R9I0 C5 C3 220K 1/8W R91 Cl D4_ 220

R922 « C4.—Ss«éD2-Ss2h2OK 1/8W R93. «C2 D3 ~~ 1001/8W R94 «6C4.—S is CQ—séd:CQK 1/8W R95 B4 Cl 4701/8W R96 B4 C3 47K1/8W R97 = B4—Ss«C3~—sC«*LK 1/8 W R98 Bl D4 = 101/8W R9I9«S«é&BlsSsOédD4-~—sC«d68 1/8W R100 B2 D3 ~~ 390

R101 B4 C3 I1KU8W R102 B4 C2 10K1/8W R103. B4 C2 100K 1/8W R104 BS C2 1K1/8W R105 BS B2 10K1/8W

4 PARTS LIST

D4-10 June 13, 1991

Layout Schem Part Locat Locat Description

B2 D4 2.7K B4 C2 1K 1/8W B5 CZ 4.7K 1/8W B5 C2 10K 1/8W B5 era 15K 1/8W Bl A2 22K 1/8W B2 B2 8.2K 1/8W B2 A2 471W B2 A2 2.2K 1/8W B3 C3 470 1/8W B5 B2 4.7K 1/8W B5 B2 15K 1/8W Bl Bl 1K B2 A2 1.5K 1/83W B2 B2 560 1/8W B5 B2 1K 1/8W A2 A2 10K 1/8W A3 C3 100K 1/8W A4 C3 100K 1/8W A2 B2 1K A5 C3 100K 1/8W A2 A2 1K A2 B4 ME321-2100-100K A4 B6 ME321-2100-10K A5 B3 47K 1/8W F2 C5 220 1/83W B3 C3 CFTSLOT-TEN- 4-07 B4 C3 CFTSLOT-TEN- 4-07 A4 C3 HC-50 Socket A4 C3 HC-50 Socket C5 Cl ME321-2100-10K G5 Cl ME321-2100-10K Al PHA012U10EEM A2 PHA012U10EEM A2 PHA012U10EEM A4 PHA014U10EEM B3 PHA014U10EEM Gs PHA014U10EEM C2 PHA014U10EEM B2 PHA014U10EEM A5 PHA012U10EEM B4 PHA012U10EEM A2 PHA012U10EEM A5 PHA012U10EEM C3 PHA012U10EEM B3 B3 CFTSLOT-TEN- 4-07 B4 B3 CFTSLOT-TEN- 4-07 B4 B3 HC-50 Socket

of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Part Layout Schem Part Part Layout Schem Part

Desig Locat Locat Description Desig Locat Locat Description TX2 B4 B3 HC-50 Socket U6 E4 C4 MC3362P TXA1l C5 Cl ME321-2100-10K Oy D4 B4 CD4053E TXA2 D5 Cl ME321-2100-10K U8 C4 LM358N

U1 G3 LM393N U8A D2 LM358N

UIC A3 LM393N U8C D2 LM358N

U1B B5 LM393N U8B C3 LM358N

U1A B6 LM393N U9 C4 D2 NEC UPB562C U2 G4 B5 CA3080E U10 B3 D3 MINI CIR MAR1 U3 G4 LM358N U11 C5 C2 CD74HCT4046E U3C A3 LM358N U12 B5 Cl CD4052E

U3A A4 LM358N V1 H4 A8 60PAD

U3B B6 LM358N V2 Gl D6 60PAD

U4 G4 B5 LM380N V3 A2 A2 60PAD

U5 F5 LM324 V4 Al A3 60PAD

U5A A6 LM324 VR1 Bl Al LM78L05

U5B A6 LM324 X1 F4 C3 34.3MHz

U5C A6 LM324 X2 E4 C4 11.155MHz U5E A3 LM324 XF1 D4 B5 CFW455B U5D A6 LM324

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D4-10 June 13, 1991

Parts Layout

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Block Diagram Description of the D4-10

After considering a number of alternatives, regulatory requirements and available ICs and power transistors, an overall design, shown in block diagram form in Figure 1, evolved. The receiver, like the DVR 2-2, is built around the Motorola 3362, with a

45 MHz first IF added, resulting in a triple-conversion receiver. The 455 KHz IF has two filters built in, switch selectable by the operator. The "W" or wide position selects the 3-pole, discrete 60 KHz filter. "N" selects the normal narrow band filter, a Murata CFW455B. The 60 KHz filter enables the D4-10 to easily handle 19,200 baud data, and it leaves room for experimentation with other wide band modes and speeds.

The transmitter, like the DVR 2-2, modulates the RF carrier indirectly by utilizing a varicap to pull the transmitter crystal oscillator. Three separate inputs can provide modulation, Mic, transmit audio at the analog port (TXA) and TTL signals at the digital port (TXD). The analog port is pin-for-pin and functionally compatible with the

FIGURE 1. D4-10 Transceiver Block Diagram

if | Transmitter | TXD Digital

| dies Drive (digital) £10 KHz

TXA Analog rive (analog) | +3 KHz

me by 64

an Loop Filter Receive Xtal

Data RXD (TTL) Slicer (Digital) | Butter (ana (Analog)

CF2

a

3362

GaAsFET 45 MHz hs Mier ame EO | CFW 455B | | Discrete |

Wide Filter

DVR 2-2 DB-9 data port. A TXA signal of 50 millivolts peak-to-peak (mv p-p) will generate an RF carrier with 3 KHz deviation. A TTL signal applied to the digital port will result in an RF carrier with 9.6 KHz deviation. Each port has its own push-to-transmit (PTT) control line.

Additional functions noted in the block diagram are the divide by 64 counter and loop filter, the transmit and receive crystal oscillators, TR control, data slicer and data buffer. We'll cover these details later. But first, let's look at desirable specifications.

-D4-10 Transceiver Specifications

After designing, building, testing and then producing a 9600 baud capable 2-meter transceiver in mid-1990, the DVR 2-2!, requests by other amateurs were quick to follow for a similar unit for 70-centimeters. Most suggested retaining the features of the DVR 2-2 but also increasing power and data rate capability. Most also felt that the 70-cm band was more appropriate for building a packet network, considering the crowding on 2-meters and the wide bandwidth channels allowed on 70-cm.

With those inputs in mind, a set of broad specifications emerged for a simple straightforward 70-cm transceiver for 1200, 9600 and 19,200 baud operation: two bandwidth modes of operation, narrow and wide

¢ two receiver modes of operation, terrestrial and satellite (AFC)

two data ports

— one DVR 2-2 plug compatible

— one for 19,200 baud operation, TTL compatible

¢ fast TR switching

a receiver derived carrier detect for optional use by TNC

simple and straightforward, easy to work on

e¢ and fun!

Since the unit may operate as a narrow-band data/voice radio or as a wide band,

high speed data radio, two and perhaps three sets of specifications are really in order. The specs for VHF and UHF FM rigs imported today imply voice operation only. Some specs that are useful for modem users are simply left off. Of course, these rigs are used every day for packet and RTTY operation.

Typically, sensitivity is listed in so many microvolts for +12 dB SINAD. Audio output is listed in watts of power with a given distortion figure. No DC offset is listed, implying (and generally meaning) that unprocessed audio for high speed data purposes is not available at a rear connector; audio is AC coupled and available at the speaker for general use. This means the audio has been processed.

While Mic impedance is generally listed, Mic drive for a resulting amount of deviation is not. Most voice radio manufacturers include a matching Mic and therefore don't list Mic drive/deviation levels.

On bandwidth, the last IF filter of an FM rig generally sets selectivity characteristics. While bandwidth specs are not always listed, they are usually apparent by examining the schematic and noting the model number of the ceramic filter used. In surveying ten common rigs, we found eight using the Murata CFW series at 455 KHz.

FIGURE 2. D4-10 Specs

Receiver: item:

freq coverage freq control temp-range freq stability design

front end: design transistor first mixer

spurious rej first IF filter, FL1 2nd IF filter, FL2 ord IF filter, FL3A

filter, FL3B sensitivity:

+12 dB SINAD

104-3 BER (note 1) main chip

antenna switch

DC supply current

Transmitter:

modulation

nom deviation wide band data

TXD drive

nom deviation narrow band data

TXA drive

max deviation voice operation

spurious emission

Mic impedance

DC supply current watts output

D4-10 428-436 MHz crystal —10/60 °C +10 ppm triple conv

2 by 2 MRF571 GaAsFET MRF966 —60 dB 45 MHz discrete 10.7 MHz SFE10.7J 455 KHz discrete 60-KHz CFW455C

0.5 pV -—113 dBm <1 pv -—107 dBm MC3362 PINS

+12 VDC <200 ma

varactor

+9.6 KHz TTL

+3 KHz 50 mv p-p

+4.5 KHz —60 dB 600 ohms +12 VDC <2.5 amps >10

Note 1: in conjunction with Data Engine

and DE19K2 Modem.

Frequency stability is listed in KHz

or in parts-per-million. For example, stability might be listed as +10 ppm or as +1.5 KHz. This is an important spec for high speed links attempting to use all of the bandwidth available. We'll cover this issue later.

With these comments in mind, our attempt to list a meaningful set of specs for the D4-10 for data use is shown in Figure 2. Items of particular importance for high speed data are frequency stability, the discrete 60 KHz filter (labeled FL3A), the BER sensitivity listing, and the data input levels required for a given deviation. Let's examine these in turn in light of the previous discussion.

Frequency Stability

First of all, frequency stability is more critical for data than for voice operation, particularly for high speed data. This is readily apparent by considering an ideal FM detector characteristic such as that shown in Figure 3. Let's trace the progress of the Frequency Shift Key (FSK) signal as it passes through the detector. In the ideal case the receiver is tuned exactly to the incoming signal; that is, at point 1 of the FSK signal, shown below the characteristic, we are centered on the detector character- istic. In other words, we are centered on the operational channel frequency.

As the signal shifts to a frequency fl our detector output shifts to a voltage value of —A. Then as the input signal shifts to a frequency of f2 the output shifts to a voltage of +A. All is well.

However, if the receiver is not "on channel", but is, for example, 3 KHz low, then a distorted detector output occurs. As the signal shifts to an input frequency of f1, it could exceed the left side of the detector characteristic, i.e. it "falls off' the detector curve. This can happen as the receiver

or transmitter in the link drifts off frequency (or is not tuned right to begin with!). If we are attempting

A3

FIGURE 3. A Typical FM Detector Characteristic

Output Voltage

3 6 2 o =] <

Input Frequency “Pulses”

to use all the bandwidth available, our frequency swing will be near the detector edge anyway!

For example, let's assume that we choose a deviation of +8 KHz for a 9600 baud system and wish to change our packet link to 430.15 MHz from the usual 145.01. Further, let's assume that our transceiver has a stability of +10 ppm. If so, what is the result? We could be up frequency by 4300 cycles (10 ppm times 430) and the transmitter could be down 4300 cycles. Add the 3 KHz of deviation in one direction, and you can see that part of our signal would be 11.6 KHz off frequency! That's outside a normal channel, one using a standard IF bandwidth.

For those reasons, for either 9600 or 19,200 baud operation, and because 100 KHz channels are allowed on 70-cm, we picked a deviation of 9.6 KHz for the TTL port of the D4-10. The receiver can tolerate being somewhat more than 4300 cycles off frequency and still detect a signal swinging 9600 cycles each side of the operating frequency.

The Discrete 60 KHz Filter

First of all, our goal was 19,200 baud packet on the 70-cm channel. So, the bandwidth must be there to support the data rate. Second, the RF spectrum generated by a 19,200 BPS NRZI data stream is that of at most a 9600 cycle square wave. This wave would generate Bessel components at multiples of 9600 cycles either side of the carrier. The FCC regulations indicate that the energy outside the channel allowed must be down at least 26 dB. Hence, the modulator in the D4-10 must limit the transmitted spectrum by shaping the data stream (limiting higher-order Bessel components) and by keeping the maximum deviation reasonably narrow.

Within the D4-10 that is controlled by setting deviation for a TTL data input to 9600 cycles; that is, we deviate —9600 for a TTL zero and +9600 for a TTL one. Further, the pulses driving the varicap are scaled and shaped to eliminate harmonics above the 3rd. The resulting spectrum is better than —50 dBc at the 50 KHz band edges.

A4

This Leaves BER Sensitivity

Bit Error Rate (BER) testing methods have been described by Goode”. In a similar manor, we have evaluated the D4-10 in concert with the Data Engine and a modified DE9600 modem, adapted for 19,200 use. The resulting sensitivity needed at 19,200 baud to achieve a BER of 0.1 percent was about 1 microvolt or -107 dBm.

With an expanded IF, it was expected that additional signal power would be required

to achieve a BER of 1 in one-thousand, and indeed this was true. Second, the BER of

a system is an overall measure, not just that of the modem itself. The +12 dB SINAD sensitivity of the receiver really sets the stage for the dBm level required to achieve a given BER. Simply, if the receiver is "hot", then the dBm level for a given BER could also be pretty low. We chose to put the +12 dB SINAD sensitivity level at about 0.5 nV or —113 dBm; hence, with added bandwidth the expected and resulting 0.1 percent BER level was —107 dBm.

Let's now take a look at the unique TTL port of the D4-10.

Some Details, the TTL Modulator and Demodulator Plus the Terrestrial/Satellite Option

First, the analog port of the D4-10 mimics the data port of the DVR 2-2 and is pin-for-pin compatible, so those details will not be covered here. However, the TTL data port and associated modulation and demodulation circuitry are new.

Figure 4 shows the inputs and outputs of the digital port and the associated circuitry for modulation and demodulation. The output of the MC3362 FM detector is buffered first by U3B, an op amp, and the signal is then fed to the data slicer for

FIGURE 4. The TTL D4-10 Data Port — TTL Modulator and Demodulator

Data Slicer Threshold

TXD Data Port

TTL restoration and also to the resistor divider for the analog port. The deviation

is wide enough at 19,200 to allow for some frequency error, since the FSK signal emerging from the op amp buffer is fully 0.4 volts p-p, making a good slicer decision straight-forward. Part of the tuning procedure is to set the data slicer threshold at the midpoint of an "on frequency" data signal. One can use noise to set this threshold also, adjusting the threshold to the center of the detector noise.

The TTL transmit signals are converted by the CA3080 into current pulses which in turn modulate the varicap, pulling the crystal oscillator plus or minus 9600 cycles. The filter at U5A shapes the data prior to transmission.

For satellite work, a control input is available on the back panel of the D4-10 to pull the receiver crystal oscillator. By applying a DC control voltage, you'll be able to pull the receive frequency by controlling the varicap.

References

(1) "DVR 2-2 Manual,” Kantronics Inc, 1202 E 23rd St., Lawrence, KS, 66046.

(2) "A Bit Error Rate Tester for Testing Digital Links,” by Steve Goode, KING, Sixth ARRL Amateur Radio Computer Networking Conference, Redondo Beach, CA, 1987, pp 62,67.

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plication of this manual without permission June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

D4-10 Production Test Check List Serial No:_/ | | 9

DC Checks Pass 1 Connect D4-10 to 13.8 volts DC through a 39 Ohm Resistor. Measure DC voltages

at| Collector of Q5| Collector of Q4 | Pin 6 of U6 (MC3362) | Pin 7 of U2 (CA3080) 8.76 VDC 4.61 VDC 8.76 VDC

{) 7 /

2. Remove 329 ohm resistor and insert the 420 MHz receive crystal in channel 2 receive socket, and the 450 MHz crystal in channel 2 transmit socket. Set the oscilloscope to display +5.0 volts and connect the scope probe to the rear leg cf R95. Set the front panel switch to channel 2 and adjust RXA2 until the scope displays a clean 5 volt signal. This indicates a lock of the VCO.

Locking the VCO (Channel 2)

3. Key the transmitter by grounding the PTTA (pin 3 of the analog port) and adjust TXA2 until the scope displays a clear 5 volt signal. This indicates a lock of the VCO.

4. Release the PTT line and connect the scope probe to the rear pin of jumper JP2. Adjust RXA2 for a reading of 2.5 volts DC.

5. Key the PTTA line again and adjust TXA2 for a reading of 2.5 volts DC.

6. Remove the 420 MHz and 450 MHz crystals. If the second channel is to be installed, insert the appropriate crystals for channel 2 and repeat steps 2 through 5 above.

Locking the VCO (Channel 1)

7. Install the appropriate crystals in channel 1. Place the front panel switch in the channel 1 position and repeat steps 2 through 5 above, using RXA1 and TXAI1.

Rough adjust Quadrature Detector coil

8. Connect the oscilloscope probe to the detector output (pin 13 of U6) and adjust the quadrature coil (L19) for a balanced noise pattern. The scope should be set for 3 0.5 v/em, AC coupled. Y

Setting up for SINAD adjustment

9. Connect a service monitor to the Antenna jack of the D4-10. Connect the SINAD input of the service monitor to the speaker output jack. Set the squelch control of the D4-10 to the fully counter-clockwise position and the volume control approximately mid-range. Set the service monitor to generate an on-frequency signa!. Modulate the signal with a 1 kHz tone, set for 3 kHz deviation.

10. Set the D4-10 bandwidth switch to the narrow position (depressed) and increase the service monitor RF output until you detect a signal. (10-20 microvolts should be sufficient)

Tuning for best SINAD reading

11. Tune RL1I, L12, L17, FL1, and F'L2 to obtain the best possible SINAD reading.

Adjust the RF output level from the service monitor as required to obtain a 12dB

SINAD reading and write the RF output level in microvolts in the space to the right. Hye), / (Must be less than 1 microvolt) een

Final adjust Quadrature coi! using DISTORTION

12. Increase the RF output from the service monitor to approximately 20 microvolts and set the service monitor to measure distortion. Adjust the quadrature coil (L19) ,Q for minimum distortion and write the value (%) in the space to the right. L./6t

Adjusting the WIDEBAND IF Pass

13. Increase the service monitor output to approximately 50 microvolts and increase the 1kHz modulation tone to provide approximately 60 kHz deviation. Connect the spectrum analyzer to the IF output (JP1) and set the spectrum analyzer for a center frequency of 455 kHz. Place the front panel bandwidth switch in the wideband position. Adjust L21, L23, and L24 to obtain a proper wideband display. Switch the bandwidth switch alternately between narrow and wide and be sure the wideband pattern is centered on the narrow band pattern.

Adjusting the Data Slicer

14. Reduce the output from the service monitor to approximately 1 microvolt and

readjust the deviaticn to 3 kHz. Connect the oscilloscope probe to the RXD output

(pin 5 of the TTL post). Set the scope for 2 volts/em, AC coupled. Be sure the

bandwidth switch on the D4-10 is in the wideband position and adjust the Data S Slicer pot (R17) for a balanced output. r

Channel 2 receive frequency adjustment

15. If crystals are installed in channel 2, set the D4-10 for channel 2. Adjust

the service monitor for the proper frequency and connect the SINAD input to the speaker jack of the D4-10. Adjust RL2 to obtain the best SINAD reading. If the channel 2 frequency is significantly different from channel 1, it may be necessary to retune F'L1 and FL2 to obtain approximately equal 12dB SINAD readings on both channels. Adjust the service monitor output to obtain a 12dB SINAD reading and write the RF output level in the space to the right.

Channel 1 transmit frequency adjustmeni

16. Set the service monitor to receive, narrow bandwidth, and connect the antenna

jack of the D4-10 to the service monitor RF input. Set the channel switch to channel

i on the D4-10 and key the transmitter using the PTTA pin on the analog port.

Adjust TL1 to obtain as close to the desired operating frequency as possible (3 kHz

scale of the service monitor frequency error meter). Write the frequency error in the

space to the right. TOD Mp

Channel 2 transmit frequency adjustment 17. Repeat step 16 above for channel 2 if crystals are installed in this channel.

Transmitter tuning

18. Connect the RF output from the D4-10 to the Bird wattmeter, attenuator and spectrum analyzer. Set the D4-10 for channel 1 and key the transmitter with PTTA and tune C109, C98, C62, and C27 for maximum RF output. Observe the spectrum on the spectrum analyzer to insure the harmonics are down at least 40dB from the peak. Write the output power in the space to the right.

19. Repeat step 18 for the channel 2. Write the channel 2 output power in the space to the right. TTL Deviation adjustment

20. Connect the D4-10 to the service monitor and set the frequency error meter for the 10 kHz scale. Set the D4-10 for channel 1 and key the PTTD of the radio (pin 3 of the TTL port). Adjust the TTL deviation control (R11) to obtain approximately 10 kHz frequency error. This sets the proper deviation for the TTL port.

Final tuning 21. Slide the radio into the test case and check the transmit frequency on both ee | channels. Adjust TL1 or TL2 as needed.